DEVELOPMENT OF SELF IN SOCIETY ANSWERS

Grade 12                                                 LIFE ORIENTATION                                                                

                                       DEVELOPMENT OF SELF IN SOCIETY ANSWERS

QUESTION 1

1.1         C üü                                                                                                                                         (2)

1.2         C üü                                                                                                                                         (2)

1.3         A üü                                                                                                                                         (2)

1.4         D üü                                                                                                                                         (2)

1.5         C üü                                                                                                                                         (2)

1.6         B üü                                                                                                                                         (2)

1.7         C üü                                                                                                                                         (2)

1.8         A üü                                                                                                                                         (2)

                                                                                                                                                               [16]

QUESTION 2

2.1         Night work is unhealthy. ü Night work can lead to accidents/inherent danger in being tired. ü                                                                                                                                                   (2)

2.2         Any two of the following:

·   Hypertension (ü)

·   Coronary heart disease (ü)

·   Diabetes (ü)                                                                                                                         (2)

2.3         Any positive means of escapism, e.g. listening to music, dancing, walking in nature, sleeping, spending time with friends. ü (any valid example)                                                                   (1)

                                                                                                                                                                 [5]

QUESTION 3

3.1         Labour ü Relations ü                                                                                                               (2)

3.2         Any two of the following:

 ·  South African National Defence Force (ü)

 ·  National Intelligence Agency (ü)

 ·  South African Secret Service (ü)                                                                                        (2)

3.3         Diabetes ü                                                                                                                                (1)

                                                                                                                                                                 [5]

QUESTION 4

4.1         They differ from other diseases because they are potentially preventable. ü They take years to develop ü and once they present themselves ü they are difficult to cure. ü                     (4)

4.2         Any five of the following:

·   being overweight (ü)

·   unhealthy eating habits (ü)

·   high blood pressure (ü)

·   high cholesterol (ü)

·   smoking (ü)

·   air pollution (ü)

·   substance abuse (ü)

·   lack of exercise (ü)

·   promiscuity (ü)                                                                                                                     (5)

4.3         Change lifestyle ü

Change diet ü

Change environment ü                                                                                                             (3)

4.4         Lifestyle-related cancers ü

Hypertension ü

High blood cholesterol ü

Diabetes ü                                                                                                                                (4)

4.5         Blurred vision ü

Abnormal hunger ü

Tiredness/loss of energy ü

Abnormal thirst ü

Frequent urination ü                                                                                                                 (5)

4.6         Any five of the following:

·   Unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse with an infected person (ü)

·   Oral sex with an infected person (ü)

·   Exchange from mother to child during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding (vertical transmission) (ü)

·   Injection with non-sterile needles, especially among intravenous drug users (ü)

·   Use of infected surgical instruments (ü)

·   Blood transfusions (ü)

·   Any other valid answer (ü)                                                                                                  (5)

4.7         Stress is a feeling that is created when we react to particular events; it is a physical reaction. ü A stressor is an event that causes or provokes stress. ü                                                     (2)

4.8         All learners’ answers will differ. Give one mark for a bad lifestyle habit and one for the intended change.                                                                                                                       (2)

                                                                                                                                                               [30]

QUESTION 5

5.1         Four stressors must be mentioned (2 marks) and a critical comment must be made on each (2 marks). The stressors are mainly negative, but learners should be able to point out how a negative situation can be a source of motivation.

The four stressors could include:

·   Peer pressure

·   Anxiety about placement at school

·   Financial burdens

·   Lack of understanding of the curriculum

·   Confused identity

·   Fear of xenophobia

·   Living in a strange land that does not meet your expectations

·   Positive stress – wanting to move out of the box

·   Striving to change and not to be overcome with obstacles

Learners’ comments will vary; they will provide their own interpretation.

Example: Despite the harsh reality and very difficult circumstances Patience managed to adapt and cope. She is a shining example of triumph in the midst of adversity.                      (4)

5.2         Any four of the following stress management techniques: 

·   Seek counselling or advice from appropriate organisations or individuals who could provide support – e.g. school teacher, pastor, advice desks. (ü)

·   Ensure you sleep enough to assist in concentration. (ü)

·   Learn to relax – utilise simple breathing techniques and stretching exercises. (ü)

·   Ensure adequate time for leisure to create a balance in your life. (ü)

·   Exercise releases endorphins and this helps you to feel good. (ü)

·   Ensure that you eat properly. (ü)

·   Any other valid stress management techniques. (ü)                                                           (4)

5.3         Symptoms of stress among teenagers (any two of the following):

·   depression (ü)

·   anxiety (ü)

·   disturbed sleep patterns (ü)

·   drug and alcohol abuse (ü)

·   mood swings (ü)                                                                                                                  (2)

                                                                                                                                                               [10]

QUESTION 6

6.1         Emotional, physical, mental abuse from the boys at school as well as financial problems at home. (Analyse any two factors for 1 mark each.)                                                                  (2)

6.2         The abuse could lead to (any two of the following):

Sleep difficulties (ü), loss of appetite (ü), poor concentration (ü), poor memory (ü), poor performance (ü), depression (ü), uncharacteristic errors or not making deadlines (ü), anti-social behaviour (ü).

All of the problems listed above relate to the way an individual performs at school. The dehumanisation and loss of dignity will lead to severe consequences unless measures are put in place. üü                                                                                                                              (4)

6.3         The Constitution states that every individual has the right to freedom of speech ü and association ü and no one has the right to touch another individual so as to make that person feel uncomfortable. ü Everyone is equal before the law and has the right to equal protection and benefit from the law. ü                                                                                                      (4)

6.4         Schools need to have a strict code of conduct that must be followed. ü

Teachers, management, school counsellors, prefects and student leaders need to take greater responsibility by being vigilant and responding to issues immediately. ü

Learners must feel that they are in a place where there is protection and in times of need there must be opportunities created for communication. ü                                                     (3)

6.5         Any one of the following:

·   POWA – People Opposing Women Abuse (ü)

·   RAPCAN – for protection of children’s rights (ü)

·   LifeLine or Childline – support for people with problems (ü)

·   Rape Crisis centres – in different police stations (ü)

·   School counsellor (ü)

·   Spiritual leaders or leaders in similar organisations (ü)                                                       (1)

6.6         The teenager’s violent reaction is not acceptable in civil society. (ü) Such behaviour is not condoned and she becomes guilty of an offence. (ü) The teenager did not take responsibility and make wise decisions in addressing the problem. (ü) She did not confront the issue (ü) but allowed it to fester and grow into a rage. This is not a good way of problem solving (ü) as the victim becomes a part of the perpetration of violence and the problem becomes confusing to handle. (ü)                                                                                                                            (4)

6.7         The traditional patriarchal male role often dominates many areas of life. (ü) In the above scenario it is evident that the boys have taken on a “domineering, bullying” role that is oppressive to girls. (ü) The females have taken on the more passive role (ü) and allowed the male students to take advantage of the situation. (ü)                                                              (2)

                                                                                                                                                               [20]

QUESTION 7

3 marks for a critical comment on their lifestyle

5 marks for the advice given

2 marks on how a lifestyle change could yield a positive impact

Critical comment:

·   Living unhealthily can lead to a person suffering from chronic disease.

·   The girls are in danger of some of the characteristics of modern Western lifestyle: smoking/drinking, lack of exercise and unhealthy diet.

·   This could lead to cancer, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, heart disease.

·   Their behaviour is destructive and risky. It will cause ill health and social problems.

·   Alcohol abuse can cause serious liver damage.

Advice and positive impact:

·   They should choose a lifestyle that includes healthy physical activity. This will improve their physical well-being.

·   The girls have a choice and they can make a decision to change their lifestyle to one that will prevent major lifestyle diseases.

·   A physical fitness programme will keep them more energised, more relaxed and better able to cope with stress. It significantly reduces the risk of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure.

·   Physical activity also helps to control weight and avoid depression.

·   Ensuring physical and recreational activity as a way of life will enhance their creative abilities, social skills and self-confidence.

·   Recommended five servings of fresh fruit and vegetables each day.

·   They should drink a minimum of eight glasses of water a day.

·   They need to understand peer pressure and negative influence, and its consequences.

·   Keep good company.

·   Chronic diseases are preventable. The girls can prevent the likelihood of getting lung cancer by not using any tobacco products.                                                                                                                                                           [10]

QUESTION 8

5 marks for the issue – with an explanation of the problems

5 marks for how the community can take responsibility

Examples of environmental issues: air pollution, global warming, toxic waste dumps.

Problems of pollution

·   Pollutants are harmful to one’s wellbeing. Various pollutants are known to cause numerous ailments such as respiratory problems, lung cancer, fatigue, cancer, headaches, dizziness, etc.

·   Pollution also affects the food animals eat, which not only damages their health, but is ingested by humans who eat animal products or the animals themselves.

·   Pollution and its effect on the ecosystem has grave consequences. It affects the air we breathe, the foods we eat, the consumable items we purchase (such as plastic, which contains harmful pollutants that contribute to pollution once they are thrown away).

How can one prevent environmental pollution?

·   Protect the environment through legislation and ensure the implementation of these laws.

·   Promote recycling.

·   Buy products that don’t have a lot of packaging.

·   Don’t litter.

·   Organise clean-ups of the streets and rivers in your area.

·   Join lobby groups that take environmental causes seriously.

·   Ensure that local government and other structures do their best to prevent pollution and ecological degradation.

·   Promote conservation.

·   Reduce pollution by using sustainable natural resources.

·   Promote justifiable sociable development such as using less fuel by taking public transport and reducing the use of aerosols, etc.

·   Collect bottles, cans and paper.

·   Reuse wherever possible.                                                                                                                                                           [10]

QUESTION 9

1 mark for the explanation of the term “stress”

5 marks for five stressors that individuals experience

4 marks for how one can overcome some of the stress factors in one’s life

Stress is your body’s reaction to the demands of the world. It can be caused by an external pressure or internal pressure from within yourself. Stress can be both positive and negative.

Examples of stressors:

The following situations can make one feel anxious or frazzled, and could leave a person with negative energy. It could also make one feel one feel pressured. Bad stress releases hormones into the body which can cause high blood pressure, rapid heartbeat and ill health.

Negative stress:

·   Rushing to school in peak hour traffic

·   Waiting in the queue for your identity book

·   Going for an interview

·   Peer pressure

·   Anxiety about placement at school

·   Financial burdens

·   Lack of understanding of the curriculum

Positive stress:

·   Participating in a major tournament

·   Acting in a school play

·   Giving a speech

·   Playing an important sports game

·   Going to a ball

·   Singing in a choir

·   Working part-time

Overcoming stress in your life:

·   Seek counselling or advice from appropriate organisations or individuals who could provide support.

·   Ensure you sleep enough.

·   Learn to relax.

·   Ensure adequate time for leisure to create a balance in your life.

·   Exercise regularly. It releases endorphins and this helps one to feel good.

·   Eat healthily.                                                                                                                                                           [10]

QUESTION 10

5 ´ 2 marks on any five characteristics of a positive relationship

Characteristics:

·   Trust – mutual trust or trusting relationships are based on firm foundations of honesty and integrity.

·   Diversity – appreciating the different ways people see the world. Accommodating cultural differences and respecting diversity, race, gender, age, educational background, socio-economic status and religion.

·   Respect – showing genuine understanding for the other’s way of life. Being considerate and tactful and willing to compromise and change. Assisting one another during a time of need. Valuing other’s ideas and opinions – not sarcastic or overcritical of the other’s way of life and experiences.

·   Effective and clear communication – listening to the other carefully and understanding what is meant. Acknowledging the difference in interpretation of spoken or written words.

·   Mindfulness – being open to other’s ideas, and looking for ways to improve and learn all the time. Valuing each other’s opinions and sometimes being willing to change one’s response to what the other has to say.

·   Varied interaction – not always doing the same thing together, and enjoying the stimulation of other people’s company.                                                                                                                                                           [10]

QUESTION 11

5 marks for personal experience of coping with stress

5 marks for discussing stress management techniques for one of the three scenarios

Answers will vary greatly for the first part of the question – accept anything reasonable and award marks for healthy coping mechanisms.

Stress management techniques:

·   Draw on your support system – family and friends

·   Enlist help

·   Seek counselling or advice from appropriate organisations or individuals who could provide support

·   Confront the problem

·   Understand the source of your stress

·   Take charge of your environment to minimise more stress

·   Do relaxation exercises such as deep breathing and meditation

·   Exercise regularly

·   Eat healthy food

·   Ensure you sleep enough

·   Play calming music                                                                                                                                                           [10]